OpenAI economists say that the AI economy is facing a critical growth bottleneck.

OpenAI's chief economist Ronnie Chatterji stated at the European Central Bank Forum in Sintra that the increasingly powerful artificial intelligence tools will not necessarily result in faster economic growth. He said that without innovation, investment, and adaptation at various levels of the economy, higher outputs may face bottlenecks. Chatterji gave the example of the pharmaceutical industry, which may be able to expedite drug discovery through the use of AI, but will still face obstacles in manufacturing, infrastructure, testing, and regulation. He suggested that decision-makers and organizations should strive to alleviate these bottlenecks where possible. Chatterji said, "We may have amazing intelligence, super powerful intelligence. I think even today, it's super powerful but... a large part of GDP growth comes from accelerated innovation."